Additional
Information: Homosexuality has been an integral part of Japanese culture, presumably from prehistoric times. Mentions of it are to be found in the earliest known texts, and it occupies a central position in the culture up to the Meiji restoration of the late 1800's, w
Pre-Modern Japan Sites:
The "Beautiful Way" of the Samurai The "Beautiful Way" of the Samurai: Article on samurai homosexuality and other forms of Japanese gay culture and history. (Pre-Modern Japan) http://www.androphile.org/preview/Culture/Japan/japan.htm
Fallen Warriors as Mass Media Stars Fallen Warriors as Mass Media Stars: Graduate paper on Japanese gay samurai iconography, with prints depicting "nanshoku" and homosexuality in military society. (Pre-Modern Japan) http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/asian490/students1999/danmckee/page3.html
Homoeroticism and Modernity from Kansei to Showa Homoeroticism and Modernity from Kansei to Showa: Abstracts of papers on Japanese homosexuality presented at the 1996 conference of the Association for Asian Studies in Ann Arbor, Michigan. (Pre-Modern Japan) http://www.aasianst.org/absts/1996abst/japan/j9.htm
Queer Samurai Japan for Gay/Lesbian Teens and Youth Queer Samurai Japan for Gay/Lesbian Teens and Youth: History, literature, culture and self-help for gay youth. (Pre-Modern Japan) http://www.geocities.co.jp/Berkeley/3508/start.html
Intersections: Male Homosexuality and Popular Culture in Modern Japan Intersections: Male Homosexuality and Popular Culture in Modern Japan: Analysis of modern Japanese queer identities and constructions. (Pre-Modern Japan) http://wwwsshe.murdoch.edu.au/intersections/issue3/mclelland2.html
Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan: Book review of this groundbreaking work on Japanese homosexuality by Gary Leupp, in the International Gay & Lesbian Review. (Pre-Modern Japan) http://www.usc.edu/isd/archives/oneigla/onepress/reviews/japanhomosexuality.html