The Emancipation of Women (Spartacus Educational)

The Emancipation of Women Sites:

Sylvia Pankhurst Sylvia Pankhurst: Describes the life and achievements of this pacifist, historian, feminist and humanitarian in the early twentieth century. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WpankhurstS.htm Octavia Wilberforce Octavia Wilberforce: Describes the difficulties this woman faced in gaining her medical degree in the early twentieth century, and how she went on to help establish and run a women's hospital and a convalescent home. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wwilberforce.htm Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Elizabeth Garrett Anderson: Abstract - Born in Whitechapel, London in 1836. She discovered that the Society of Apothecaries did not specify that females were banned for taking their examinations and in 1865 sat and passed the examination. As soon as she was granted the certificate t (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WandersonE.htm Emily Davison Emily Davison: Abstract - Born at Blackheath in 1872 she graduated from London University and obtained teaching post and joined the Women's Social and Political Union in 1906. In 1909 she gave up full-time teaching so that she could devote more of her time to the WSPU a (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wdavison.htm Constance Markievicz Constance Markievicz: Abstract - Born at Lissadell, County Sligo, Ireland on 4th February, 1868. In 1893 she moved to London to study art and joined the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. In 1908 she joined Sinn Fein and subsequently founded Fianna Eireann. After (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmarkiewicz.htm Frances Buss Frances Buss: Abstract - Born in 1827. In 1850 she established the North London Collegiate School for Girls. She only employed qualified teachers and made use of visiting lecturers from Queen's College. In 1865 she helped form a woman's discussion group called the Kens (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbuss.htm Caroline Norton Caroline Norton: Abstract - Born in 1808. She had always been interested in writing and in 1829 her long poem The Sorrows of Rosalie was published followed by The Undying One in 1830. As a result of these poems, she was invited to become editor of La Belle Assemblee and C (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wnorton.htm Josephine Butler Josephine Butler: Abstract - Born in 1828. In 1867 she joined Anne Jemima Clough in establishing courses of advanced study for women. Later that year Josephine Butler was appointed president of the North of England Council for the Higher Education of Women. In 1885 Butler (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbutler.htm Men's League For Women's Suffrage Men's League For Women's Suffrage: Explains how several prominent figures expressed their support for the women's movement in the early twentieth century. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmen.htm Millicent Fawcett Millicent Fawcett: Describes the career of this early feminist who helped found Newnham College at Cambridge University. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WfawcettM.htm Parliamentary Campaigns Parliamentary Campaigns: Describes attempts by the supporters of women's suffrage to lobby politicians in an effort to gain support for Bills which would allow women to vote. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wparliament.htm Arson Campaign Arson Campaign: Abstract - In July 1912, a secret arson campaign was organized and attempts were made to burn down the houses of two members of the government who opposed women having the vote. Not all were infavour of this approach and left the instigating organisation. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Warson.htm Careers and Professions Careers and Professions: Abstract - In the 19th century upper class and middle class women were not expected to earn their own living. Women rarely had careers and most professions refused entry to women. It was virtually impossible for women to become doctors, engineers, archite (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wcareer.htm Charlotte Despard Charlotte Despard: Abstract - Born in Ripple, Kent, in 1844. In 1874 her first novel, Chaste as Ice, Pure as Snow was published. During the next sixteen years she wrote ten novels. She became a member of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) and in 1906 j (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wdespard.htm Louisa Martindale Louisa Martindale: Provides information on this pioneering feminist and her medical career in the early twentieth century. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmartindale.htm Christabel Pankhurst Christabel Pankhurst: Abstract - Born in Manchester in 1880. In 1903 she helped form the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). In October 1915, The WSPU changed its newspaper's name from The Suffragette to Britannia with the a new slogan: "For King, For Country, for (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WpankhurstC.htm Harriet Taylor Harriet Taylor: Abstract - Born on 8th October, 1807. She helped, indeed wrote much of John Mill's books and articles, she was active in the women's suffrage campaign. She was an original member of the Kensington Society that produced the first petition requesting votes (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wtaylor.htm Mary Hamilton Mary Hamilton: Outlines the career of this academic and parliamentarian in the early twentieth century. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Whamilton.htm 1883 Corrupt Practices Act 1883 Corrupt Practices Act: Abstract - In 1883 Gladstone's government introduced proposals to stop candidates using their wealth to win elections. The Corrupt Practices Act specified how much money candidates could spend during election time and banned such activities as the buying (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PR1883.htm Katharine Glasier Katharine Glasier: Abstract - Born in 1867. She found work as a Classics mistress at Redlands High School in Bristol. In 1890, she joined the Bristol Socialist Society but finding their views too revolutionary she left to join the Bristol Fabian Society. In 1916 she became (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wglasier.htm Constance Lytton Constance Lytton: Abstract - Born in 1869 she spent the first eleven years of her life in India. In 1908 she joined the Women's Social and Political Union. In 1911 she suffered a stroke which left her partly paralyzed. Unable to take an active role in the suffragette strug (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wlytton.htm Women and University Education Women and University Education: Describes the lengthy campaign to increase educational opportunities for women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Includes excerpts from accounts by some of the key figures. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wuniversity.htm Harriet Martineau Harriet Martineau: Abstract - Born in 1802. In 1823 the Unitarian journal, Monthly Repository, published her anonymous article, On Female Education. In 1829, she moved to London and began to write books with great success on both religious and political topics. In 1852 she (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmartineau.htm Marriage Marriage: Describes the changing attitudes to a woman's role, including her rights within the relationship. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmarriage.htm Mary Gawthorpe Mary Gawthorpe: Explains her role in forming the Women's Social and Political Union in 1905. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wgawthorpe.htm Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry: Abstract - Born in Norwich in 1780. By the 1820s largely due to her efforts to get prison reform, she had become a well-known personality in Britain. She also campaigned for the homeless in London and improvements in the way patients were treated in menta (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REfry.htm Unitarian Unitarian: Explains how this society, established in 1791, became active in the late nineteenth century movements for factory reforn, public health, prison reform, temperance, women's rights and the abolition of slavery. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRunitarian.htm Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence: Abstract - Born in 1867. In 1895 she formed the Esperance Club helping a group of young women establish a co-operative dressmaking business. In 1907 she helped start the journal Votes for Women. In the 1920s and 1930s she worked for the Women's Internatio (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wpethick.htm Salvation Army Salvation Army: Describes how this organisation was founded, and the changes it sought to implement with regard to social inequality and poor living conditions. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REsalvation.htm Catherine Booth Catherine Booth: Abstract - Born in Ashbourne, Derbyshire, in 1829. At the age of fourteen she developed spinal curvature and four years later, incipient tuberculosis. It was while she was ill in bed that she began writing articles for magazines warning of the dangers of (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbooth.htm Rachel McMillan Rachel McMillan: Describes the career of this socialist and feminist in the late nineteenth century, particularly her efforts to improve the physical and intellectual welfare of slum children. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WmcmillanR.htm Dorothea Beale Dorothea Beale: Abstract - Born in London in 1831. She authored a Textbook of General History which led to her appointment as Head Teacher of Cheltenham Ladies College which became one of the most highly regarded schools in the country. In 1865 she and several women form (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbeale.htm Muriel de la Warr Muriel de la Warr: Outlines the contribution of this feminist and socialist to the suffrage movement. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wwarr.htm First World War First World War: Abstract - On 4th August, 1914, England declared war on Germany. As men left jobs to fight overseas, they were replaced by women. Women filled many jobs brought into existence by wartime needs. As a result the number of women employed increased from 3,224 (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wfirst.htm Emmeline Pankhurst Emmeline Pankhurst: Absrtact - Born in Manchester in 1858. 0In 1895 she became a Poor Law Guardian. She became concerned about the way women were treated and it reinforced her belief that women's suffrage was the only way these problems would be solved. In 1917 she helped f (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WpankhurstE.htm Industrial Work Industrial Work: Abstract - By 1910 women made up almost one third of the workforce, often on a part-time or temporary basis. The Women's Industrial Council concentrated on acquiring information about the problem and by 1914 the organisation had investigated one hundred a (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wwork.htm Women's Freedom League Women's Freedom League: Explains how this group broke away from the equally militant but more violent Women's Social and Political Union in the early twentieth century. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wfreedom.htm Emily Davies Emily Davies: Abstract - Born in Gateshead in 1830. In 1865 she joined with her friends to form a woman's discussion group called the Kensington Society. The following year the group formed the London Suffrage Committee and began organizing a petition asking Parliament (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wdavies.htm National Union of Suffrage Societies National Union of Suffrage Societies: Explains how this organisation was formed in 1887, and describes some of its prominent members and major achievements. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wnuwss.htm 1918 Qualification of Women Act 1918 Qualification of Women Act: Explains how years of debate and protest resulted in Parliament allowing women to vote in a British General Election for the first time. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/W1918.htm Chartists Chartists: A list of Chartists, their tactics, newspapers, artists and writers, and relevant Acts of Parliment. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/chartism.htm Ethel Annakin Snowden Ethel Annakin Snowden: Abstract - Born in 1880. She became a teacher in Liverpool where she joined the local branch of the Independent Labour Party and was active in the Temperance Society and helped form a branch of the Nation Union of Women's Suffrage Societies in Leeds. Duri (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wsnowden.htm Clementina Black Clementina Black: Abstract - Born in Brighton in 1854 she began writing fiction and in 1877 her first novell was published. In 1886 as a result of her friendship with the Marx family she became a member of the Women's Trade Union League and was appointed honorary secretary (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wblack.htm Equal Franchise Act Equal Franchise Act: Abstract - After the passing of the Qualification of Women Act in 1918 the NUWSS and WSPU disbanded. In 1919 Parliament passed the Sex Disqualification Removal Act which made it illegal to exclude women from jobs because of their sex. A bill was introduce (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/W1928.htm Anne Knight Anne Knight: Abstract - Born in Chelmsford in 1781. By 1830 she was deeply involved in the Quaker attempt to end slavery. In 1834 she toured France where she gave lectures on the immorality of slavery. She also became active in the Chartist movement. She never married (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wknight.htm Cicely Corbett-Fisher Cicely Corbett-Fisher: Abstract - Born at Danehill, Sussex in 1885 and educated at home, she and some friends formed a society called the Younger Suffragists and later formed the Liberal Women's Suffrage Group. After the First World War, she was active in the Labour Party and t (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wfisher.htm Annie Besant Annie Besant: Abstract - Born in 1847, she joined the Secular Society in 1874 and wrote many articles on issues such as marriage and women's rights eventually publishing her own book advocating birth control. A member of the Fabian Society, she was elected to the Londo (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbesant.htm Lydia Becker Lydia Becker: Describes the life of this member of the suffrage movement in the late nineteenth century. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbecker.htm Hannah Mitchell Hannah Mitchell: Abstract - Born in 1871. In 1904 she joined the local branch of Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) and in 1907 left to join the Women's Freedom League. She joined the Independent Labour Party and and war opposition organizations including the No-Co (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmitchell.htm Beatrice Webb Beatrice Webb: Abstract - Born on 2nd January, 1858, at Standish House in Gloucestershire. In she joined the Charity Organization Society (COS), an organisation that attempted to provide Christian help to those living in poverty. While working with the poor, she realise (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwebbB.htm Cat and Mouse Act Cat and Mouse Act: In 1913 the Women's Social & Political Union increased its campaign to destroy public and private property. The women responsible were caught and once in prison went on hunger-strikes. Determined to avoid them becoming martyrs, the government introduc (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wcat.htm Hunger Strikes Hunger Strikes: Abstract - In 1909, an imprisoned suffragette refused to eat. Afraid that she might die and become a martyr, it was decided to release her. Soon afterwards other imprisoned suffragettes adopted the same strategy. Unwilling to release all the imprisoned su (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Whunger.htm Elizabeth Wolstenholme-Elmy Elizabeth Wolstenholme-Elmy: Abstract- Born in 1834. In 1853 she purchased her own boarding school in Manchester and in 1865 joined with other women schoolteachers in her area to form the Manchester Schoolmistresses' Association. Two years later Elizabeth and Josephine Butler helped (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Welmy.htm Isabella Ford Isabella Ford: Abstract - Born in Leeds in 1855. In 1885 she helped the president of the Women's Protective and Provident League, to form a Machinists' Society for tailoresses in Leeds. In 1889 she established the Leeds Tailoresses' Union and the following year she was (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wford.htm Women's Social and Political Union Women's Social and Political Union: Details the evolution of this group from being purely political to engaging in militant acts in the course of campaigning for the female vote. Includes excerpts from the memoirs of suffragettes imprisoned for their actions and beliefs. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wwspu.htm Elizabeth Thompson (Lady Butler) Elizabeth Thompson (Lady Butler): Abstract - Born in Lausanne in 1846. In 1874 submitted a painting entitled the Roll Call to the Royal Academy in London where the painting caused a sensation. By 1875 she was the most popular and well-known painter in Britain. After 1881 she found it ver (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jbutler.htm Frances Balfour Frances Balfour: Abstract - Born in 1858. In 1887 she joined the recently formed Liberal Women's Suffrage Society. After women were granted the vote, Balfour spent her time writing books and articles including several biographies and an autobiography, Me Obliviscaris. Sh (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbalfour.htm Margaret Bondfield Margaret Bondfield: Describes the life of one of the first women to be elected as a Member of Parliament in Britain. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbondfield.htm Selina Cooper Selina Cooper: Describes the life and political career of this pioneering unionist and feminist who became a well-known public speaker in the early twentieth century. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wcooper.htm Women's Pilgrimage Women's Pilgrimage: Describes how 50,000 members of suffrage societies marched to London in 1913 in support of the campaign for voting rights. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wpilgimage.htm Birth Control Birth Control: Abstract - Working class women were expected to work until they had children. These women tended to have more children than upper and middle class wives. In the middle of the 19th century, the average married woman gave birth to six children and over 35% (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbirth.htm Margery Corbett-Ashby Margery Corbett-Ashby: Describes her involvement in campaigns for women's rights throughout the twentieth century. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Washby.htm Marie Corbett Marie Corbett: Gives information about a founding member of the suffrage movement. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wcorbett.htm Sophia Jex-Blake Sophia Jex-Blake: Outlines her efforts to become one of the first female doctors in the United Kingdom, and the subsequent foundation of a Women's Medical School. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wjex.htm Mary Fildes Mary Fildes: Describes the life of this pioneering feminist in the early nineteenth century. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRfields.htm Barbara Bodichon Barbara Bodichon: Abstract - Born in 1827. In the 1850s she concentrated on the campaign to remove women's legal disabilities. This included writing articles and organizing petitions. In 1858 she helped found the journal, The Englishwoman's Review. In 1877 she was taken se (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbodichon.htm Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale: Abstract - Born in Florence, Italy, on 12th May, 1820. At seventeen she felt herself to be called by God to some unnamed great cause. In 1851 she went to Kaiserwerth, Germany where she studied to become a nurse at the Institute of Protestant Deaconesses. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REnightingale.htm Anti-Suffrage League Anti-Suffrage League: Abstract - Founded in the summer of 1908, the Anti-Suffrage League argued the case against women's suffrage and collected signatures against women having the vote and at a meeting on 26th March, 1909, announced that over 250,000 people had signed the peti (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wanti.htm Elizabeth Robins Elizabeth Robins: Abstract - Born in Louisville, Kentucky in 1862, she an away from Vasser at 18 to become an actress. In 1888 she introduced British audiences to the work of Henrik Ibsen. She was a member of the Women's Social and Political Union and active in the Actress (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wrobins.htm Teresa Billington-Greig Teresa Billington-Greig: Describes why this schoolteacher founded the Women's Freedom League in 1907 and how she subsequently campaigned for more women to be allowed seats in the House of Commons. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbillington.htm Jennie Lee Jennie Lee: Abstract - Born in Lochgelly, Fife in 1904. She was able to become a student at Edinburgh University and joined the Labour Club, the University Women's Union and the editorial board of the Rebel Student. In February 1929 at twenty-four she became the youn (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUlee.htm Women's Industrial Society Women's Industrial Society: Explains how this organisation arose from the Women's Trade Union League and subsequently conducted investigations used to persuade Parliament to take action against the exploitation of women in the workplace. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Windustrial.htm Marie Stopes Marie Stopes: Biography of the feminist crusader who established Britain's first birth control clinic. Includes excerpts from her letters. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wstopes.htm Annie Kenney Annie Kenney: Abstract - Born in Oldham, Lancashire in 1879, one of eleven children. She joined the Independent Labour Party and then in 1905 joined the Women's Social and Political Union. Arrested several times over the next few years for various activist protests, th (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wkenney.htm Liberal Women's Suffrage Society Liberal Women's Suffrage Society: Describes the origins of this organisation, with excerpts from the memoirs of founding members. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wliberal.htm Schooling Schooling: Explains how attitudes to girls' education began to change at the end of the nineteenth century. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wschool.htm Kensington Society Kensington Society: Describes how a women's discussion group formed in London in 1865 was the forerunner of the movement for suffrage. (The Emancipation of Women) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wkensington.htm