Socialism and the Labour Movement (Spartacus Educational)

Socialism and the Labour Movement Sites:

Selina Cooper Selina Cooper: Joined a branch of the Cotton Worker's Union and became involved in a trade union dispute. Supporter of women's suffrage and developed a national reputation for her passionate speeches in favor of women's rights. Elected to Independent Labour Party. In (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wcooper.htm Maud Pember Reeves Maud Pember Reeves: Active in a variety of women's organizations including the Women's Trade Union League, the NUWSS and the National Anti-Sweating League. A socialist and was active in the Fabian Society. (1865-1953) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PHpember.htm The Republican The Republican: Radical journal first published as Sherwin's Political Register in 1817 by Richard Carlile, a journalist. After full report of the Peterloo Massacre, Carlile changed the journal's name. He was guilty of blasphemy and seditious libel. Sentenced to three (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRrepublican.htm The Labour Party The Labour Party: Features brief history, total votes and percentages in general elections covering the years from 1900-1987. Includes posters and short commentaries. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Plabour.htm Socialist League Socialist League: Formed when a few members of the Social Democratic Federation decided to leave the SDF. Published a manifesto that advocated revolutionary international socialism. The group also produced its own journal, Commonweal. Organization disbanded in 1901. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUleague.htm Richard Stafford Cripps Richard Stafford Cripps: A Christian Socialist and member of the Labour Party, who was elected to the House of Commons. Converted to Marxism and became one of the most prominent left-wing figures in Britain. Elected President of the Fabian Society. (1889-1952) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUcripps.htm Edward Pease Edward Pease: Appointed secretary of the Fabian Society, a Socialist debating group. Member of the Independent Labour Party. Served on the Labour Representation Committee (named the Labour Party after 1906) and held the post for the next fourteen years. (1857-1955) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUpease.htm William Wedgwood Benn William Wedgwood Benn: Elected to represent Liberal party in the House of Commons in 1906 and was a strong supporter of the trade union movement. Helped to raise funds for strikers and their families, during the London Dock Strike in 1912. (1877-1960) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbenn.htm Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence: Socialist member of the Women's Social and Political Union. Was a prominent member of the Women's International League for Peace, an organization committed to world peace. (1867-1954) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wpethick.htm William Clarke William Clarke: Joined the Fabian Society and contributed the article, the Industrial Basis of Socialism, to the book Essays in Fabian Socialism, edited by George Bernard Shaw. Wrote articles for the Spectator and the Economist.(1852-1901) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUclarke.htm Lansbury's Labour Weekly Lansbury's Labour Weekly: Left-wing newspaper first published in 1925. Rapidly reached a circulation of 172,000 and provided an important source of news during the 1926 General Strike. Ceased publication in 1927. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jlansbury.htm Victor Grayson Victor Grayson: Member of the House of Commons and powerful orator who toured the country making speeches in favor of revolutionary socialism. Gave recruiting speeches and wrote articles urging young men to join the armed forces during World War I. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUgrayson.htm Beatrice Webb Beatrice Webb: Writer of such books as The History of Trade Unionism and Industrial Democracy. She also helped found the London School of Economics and Political Science. Includes detailed history and accomplishments. (1858 - 1943) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwebbB.htm The Northern Star The Northern Star: First edition published by Feargus O'Connor in 1837. Contained reports on Chartist meets all over Britain and its letter's page enabled supporters to join the debate on parliamentary reform. Ceased publication in December, 1852. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHnorthern.htm William Morris William Morris: Joined the Social Democratic Federation and began contributing articles to its journal, Justice. Helped form the Socialist League and was the the main contributor to the party's journal, Commonweal. Includes excerpts from his writings. (1834-1896) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jmorris.htm Social Democratic Federation Social Democratic Federation: First Marxist political group in Britain. Includes brief history and commentaries. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Psocial.htm The Red Republican The Red Republican: Newspaper established by George Julian Harney. Attempted to educate working class readers about socialism and internationalism. Ceased publication in December, 1850. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHrepublican.htm Ernest Jones Ernest Jones: Joined the Chartist movement and soon became a follower of Feargus O'Connor. Considered himself a socialist, and suggested that Chartism should become a "workers' party". (1819-1869) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHjones.htm Ernest Bevin Ernest Bevin: Member of the Labour party, elected general secretary of the Transport and General Workers Union and a member of the General Council of the Trade Union Congress between 1925 and 1940. Opposed to the forming of the Triple Alliance with the miners and railw (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbevin.htm James Maxton James Maxton: Leading figure in the Independent Labour Party in Scotland. Was elected as MP for Bridgeton, Glasgow. Involved in organizing strikes in the shipyards, engineering and munitions factories. Played a prominent role in the leadership of the trade unions durin (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUmaxton.htm Arthur Maundy Gregory Arthur Maundy Gregory: British MI5 agent tasked with uncovering possible foreign spies during the early 1900`s. Involved in several political scandals, including one in which he was accused and convicted of trying to sell honours. Responsible for publication of the forged Zinov (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SSgregory.htm James Ramsay MacDonald James Ramsay MacDonald: Born in Scotland, he became leader of the Labour Party in 1911. Became Britain's first Labour prime minister in 1923 for one year, when his government fell. Was a pacifist and unwilling to support Britain's involvement in the First World War. (1866-1937). (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRmacdonald.htm James Keir Hardie James Keir Hardie: Elected to House of Commons and campaigned for the reform of Parliament. Supported the women's suffrage movement, the payment of MPs and the abolition of the House of Lords. As a pacifist tried to organize a national strike against Britain's participation (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRhardie.htm H. N. Brailsford H. N. Brailsford: Journalist for the Manchester Guardian, the Morning Leader, Daily News, the Star and weekly journal, the Nation. Toured Central Europe and his graphic accounts of the suffering being endured by the people in the defeated countries appeared in his books A (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jbrailsford.htm H. G. Wells H. G. Wells: Novelist and historian. Member of the Fabian Society for a short period. Argued that society had reached the stage where it needed world government and strongly supported the League of Nations that was established after the First World War. Includes ex (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jwells.htm Henry Hetherington Henry Hetherington: Published a series of radical newspapers and punished for his activities. Campaigned against child labor, the 1834 Poor Law and political corruption. Includes excerpts from writings about his viewpoints and activities. (1792-1849) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRhetherington.htm Hannah Mitchell Hannah Mitchell: Joined the local branch of Women's Social and Political Union and became a full-time worker. Member of the Women's Freedom League in 1907 and joined the Independent Labour Party in 1914. (1871-1956) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmitchell.htm George Lansbury George Lansbury: Labour member of Parliament. Reformer who campaigned against poverty and for woman suffrage. A lifelong pacifist, he defended conscientious objectors during World War I. (1859-1940) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRlansbury.htm John Burns John Burns: Appointed as President of the Board of Trade in 1914. Opposed to Britain's involvement in a European conflict and along with John Morley and Charles Trevelyan, resigned from the government. (1858-1943) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REburns.htm John Ruskin John Ruskin: Was one of Britain's leading writers on culture. Became interested in politics. In his books he argued against competition and self-interest and advocated a form of Christian Socialism. (1819-1900) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jruskin.htm Walter Crane Walter Crane: Supported the Liberal Party. Developed socialistic views and spoke out in favor of the Communards who attempted to overthrow the French government in 1871. Acquired reputation as an illustrator, whose work appeared on posters, pamphlets, membership cards (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jcrane.htm Bertrand Russell Bertrand Russell: Member of the Fabian Society and founding member of the Union of Democratic Control (UDC), the most important of the anti-war organizations during the First World War. Wrote Political Ideals: Roads to Freedom. (1872-1970) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUrussell.htm Muriel de la Warr Muriel de la Warr: Played a very important role in the feminist and socialist movement. Gave financial support to many campaigns such as the fights for women's suffrage, trade union rights and self-determination for India. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wwarr.htm Robert Smillie Robert Smillie: Was president of the Scottish Miners' Federation and president of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain. Advocated the nationalization of mines. Served as a Labour member of Parliament from 1923 to 1929. (1857-1940) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUsmillie.htm G. D. Cole G. D. Cole: Long-time member of the Fabian Society. Became Labour correspondent for the Manchester Guardian and was professor of social and political theory at University College in Oxford. (1889-1959) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUcole.htm John Bruce Glasier John Bruce Glasier: One of the leading Social Democratic Federation activists in Scotland. Contributor to many socialist newspapers. Considered to be one of four main leaders of the Independent Labour Party. (1859-1920) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUglasier.htm Harold Laski Harold Laski: Professor of political science at the London School of Economics. Helped form the Left Book Club and became chairman of the Labour Party in 1945. (1893-1950) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUlaski.htm Thomas Spence Thomas Spence: Radical journalist and advocate for women's rights. Campaigned for changes in the law to make it possible for working people to be able to obtain a divorce. Includes excerpts from his writings. (1750-1814) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRspence.htm Henry Hyde Champion Henry Hyde Champion: Editor of the journal, the Christian Socialist. Member of the Social Democratic Federation. Supported the formation of the Independent Labour Party in 1894. (1859-1928) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUchampion.htm John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill: Wrote a large number of books on philosophy and economics, including A System of Logic; Principles of Political Economy; On Liberty; Considerations on Representative Government; and Utilitarianism. Served in the House of Commons. (1806-1873) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRmill.htm Joseph Clynes Joseph Clynes: Was leader of the Labour Party in the House of Commons. Became a regular contributor to socialist newspapers. Supported Britain's war involvement and was appointed Parliamentary Secretary of the Ministry of Food. Includes excerpts from his Memoirs. (1869- (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUclynes.htm Sylvia Pankhurst Sylvia Pankhurst: Wrote The History of the Women's Suffrage Movement. A pacifist, she joined with Charlotte Despard to form the Women's Peace Army. Supporter of the Russian Revolution in 1917. In the 1930s supported the Republicans in Spain, helped Jewish refugees from Naz (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WpankhurstS.htm Will Crooks Will Crooks: Was chairman of the Public Control Committee and promoted fair wages. Became the first working-class member of the Poplar Board of Guardians. Helped establish the National Committee on Old Age Pensions. (1852-1921) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUcrooks.htm Harry Gosling Harry Gosling: Elected to the Trade Union Congress parliamentary committee and became president of the National Transport Workers' Federation (NTWF). Instrumental in establishing the Transport and General Workers Union (TGWU). (1861-1930) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUgosling.htm Josiah Wedgwood Josiah Wedgwood: Joined the Independent Labour Party where he found considerable support for his single tax proposals. Became Chairman of the German Refugee Hospitality Committee. Was granted the title Baron Wedgwood of Barlaston and spent the last few months of his polit (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwedgwood.htm Jennie Lee Jennie Lee: Elected to the House of Commons. Worked as a journalist for the Daily Mirror and married Aneurin Bevan. Favored Socialism and votes for women on the same terms as men. (1904-1988) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUlee.htm Thomas Hughes Thomas Hughes: Novelist, reformist and jurist. Helped form the Christian Socialist movement. Author of Tom Brown's Schooldays. Includes short biography and photo. (1822-1896) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REhughes.htm George Bernard Shaw George Bernard Shaw: Author, playwright and socialist. Became an active member of the Social Democratic Federation, the Fabian Society and the Socialist League. Wrote plays dealing with issues such as poverty and women's rights and implied that socialism could help solve th (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jshaw.htm Robert Cunninghame Graham Robert Cunninghame Graham: Elected to the House of Commons and was concerned about the plight of the unemployed and the preservation of civil liberties. Supported the eight-hour work day. Elected President of the National Party of Scotland. (1852-1936) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUcunninghame.htm Eleanor Marx Eleanor Marx: Youngest daughter of Karl Marx. Advocated "Revolutionary International Socialism" and in 1885 helped organize the International Socialist Congress in Paris. Became active in trade unions. (1855-1898) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmarx.htm The Bee-Hive The Bee-Hive: A trade union weekly newspaper established in 1861, biased heavily towards socialist and labour issues. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jbeehive.htm The Poor Man's Guardian The Poor Man's Guardian: Published by Henry Hetherington in 1831 and closely associated with the National Union of the Working Classes. Argued that the real struggle was for universal suffrage. Ceased publication in 1835. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRpoor.htm Edward Aveling Edward Aveling: Elected to the London School Board and promoted free, elementary schooling for the working class. Joined with Friedrich Engels to form a new Marxist working class party. (1849-1898) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUaveling.htm Rachel McMillan Rachel McMillan: Christian Socialist who, with her sister Margaret, helped workers during the London Dock Strike. Concentrated on trying to improve the physical and intellectual welfare of children living in the slums and led campaigns for school lunch programs and clini (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WmcmillanR.htm James Bronterre O'Brien James Bronterre O'Brien: Journalist and editor of the Poor Man's Guardian. Active in the Chartist movement and was arrested and charged with making a seditious speech in Manchester. Wrote for other publications, such as The Reynolds Weekly and the Glasgow Sentinel. (1805-1864) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHobrien.htm Donald Soper Donald Soper: Joined the Labour Party and fiercely attacked capitalism and the arms trade. Other issues that concerned him included blood sports, child labor and inadequate state help for the poor. Wrote many books on Christianity, social questions, pacifism and inter (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUsoper.htm Robert Blatchford Robert Blatchford: Founded the Manchester Fabian Society and published a socialist newspaper, The Clarion. Changed his views on equal rights and strongly opposed the policies of the NUWSS and the WSPU. (1851-1943) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jblatchford.htm John Wheatley John Wheatley: Elected to the Lanarkshire County Council and proposed a scheme for building municipal cottages in Glasgow for the working class instead of tenements. Represented the Labour Party in the House of Commons. (1869-1930) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwheatley.htm Teresa Billington Teresa Billington: Member of the Independent Labour Party in Manchester and became involved in trade issues. Founded the Women's Freedom League in 1907. Campaigned to increase the number of women in the House of Commons. (1877-1964) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbillington.htm Aneurin Bevan Aneurin Bevan: Long-time leader of the left-wing Labour Party and Minister of Health. Includes excerpts from the works of various writers. (1897-1960) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbevan.htm William Hazlitt William Hazlitt: Essayist and critic. Attacked William Pitt and his government's foreign policy. Wrote articles and pamphlets on political corruption and the need to reform the voting system. Includes photo and excerpts of his political writing. (1778-1830) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRhazlitt.htm Independent Labour Party Independent Labour Party: Formed in 1893, under the leadership of Keir Hardie. Features brief history and commentaries. Includes excerpts from various writers. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Pilp.htm Harry Quelch Harry Quelch: Influenced by Karl Marx's Das Capital and converted to revolutionary socialism. Active member of the Social Democratic Federation and represented the SDF at the Trade Union Congress in the early 1890s. (1858-1913) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUquelch.htm Charlotte Despard Charlotte Despard: Active in the labour, trade union, and women's suffrage movements. Helped form the Women's Freedom League (WFL) and urged members not to pay taxes and to boycott the 1911 Census. Pacifist during the war. In the 1920s became involved in the Sinn Fein cam (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wdespard.htm The Black Dwarf The Black Dwarf: A radical unstamped journal, which was critical of Lord Liverpool and his government. Regularly called for parlementary reform. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRblack.htm Fred Jowett Fred Jowett: Socialist who founded a branch of the Independent Labour Party in Bradford. Opposed war involvement and supported those who resisted conscription and demanded heavy taxation on wartime profits. Includes excerpts from various writings. (1864-1944) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUjowett.htm Fenner Brockway Fenner Brockway: Editor of the ILP newspaper, the Labour Elector. During the 1926 General Strike became editor of the Trade Union Congress newspaper, the British Worker. Wrote over twenty books on politics, including four volumes of autobiography. Includes excerpts from (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbrockway.htm Tom Mann Tom Mann: Joined the Amalgamated Society of Engineers and soon afterwards participated in his first strike. He also became a member of the Fabian Society and the Battersea branch of the Social Democratic Federation. Leading trade unionist and advocated the eight-h (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REmann.htm Henry Havelock Ellis Henry Havelock Ellis: Member of the Fabian Society, a Socialist debating group. Was a supporter of sexual liberation. Wrote his six-volume Studies in the Psychology of Sex. The books, published between 1897 and 1910 were controversial and banned for several years. (1859-1939 (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUhavelock.htm Mary Gawthorpe Mary Gawthorpe: Helped form a Leeds branch of the Nation Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. Became a full-time organizer of the Women's Social and Political Union in Leeds. Emigrated to New York and became involved in the trade union movement and eventually became a (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wgawthorpe.htm Frederick Denison Maurice Frederick Denison Maurice: Wrote The Kingdom of Christ (1838) in which he argued that politics and religion are inseparable. Suggested a socialist alternative to the economic principles of laissez faire. Joined with Charles Kingsley and Thomas Hughes to form the Christian Social (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REmaurice.htm William Hewins William Hewins: Was first director of the London School of Economics and held the post until 1903 when he resigned to work for Joseph Chamberlain and his tariff reform campaign. Elected as the MP for Hereford and in 1917 appointed as Under-Secretary of State for the Colo (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUlewins.htm Charles Kingsley Charles Kingsley: Clergyman, novelist and poet active in the socalist movement of the late 1800's. Author of The Water Babies. Includes short biography and photo. (1810-1875) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REkingsley.htm The New Statesman The New Statesman: Journal of the Fabian Society and first published in 1912. Became Britain's leading intellectual weekly under editorship of Kingsley Martin. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jstatesman.htm The Commonweal The Commonweal: Socialist journal of the late 1800`s. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jcommonweal.htm Richard Pankhurst Richard Pankhurst: Joined the Liberal Party and was active in the campaign for social reform. Joined the Fabian Society and played a leading role in the protest against police behavior during the events of Bloody Sunday in 1887. (1834-1898) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUpankhurst.htm The Clarion The Clarion: A socialist weekly established by Robert Blatchford in 1890. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jclarion.htm Edith Nesbit Edith Nesbit: Author of 44 children's books, and regular lecturer and writer on socialism throughout the 1880s. Helped form the Fabian Society. Includes biography and a photo. (1858-1924) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUnesbit.htm George Orwell George Orwell: Born in India. Wrote documentary account of unemployment in the north of England. A committed socialist, he went to Spain in 1936 to report on the Spanish Civil War. Includes short biography, excerpts from his works and photo. (1903-1950) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jorwell.htm Margaret McMillan Margaret McMillan: Christian Socialist who, with her sister Rachel, helped workers during the London Dock Strike. Concentrated on trying to improve the physical and intellectual welfare of children living in the slums and led campaigns for school lunch programs and clinics. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmcmillan.htm Basil Thomson Basil Thomson: Was Deputy Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and five years later became head of the Special Branch. It is believed that Thomson and Arthur Maundy Gregory were involved in arranging the Zinoviev Letter to be published in British newspapers. This ev (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SSthomson.htm Manchester Chronicle Manchester Chronicle: Tory newspaper founded by Charles Wheeler in 1781. Achieved popularity with readers who opposed social reform. Ceased publication in 1842. Includes several excerpts from the August 21, 1819 edition. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRchronicle.htm The Zinoviev Letter The Zinoviev Letter: Document written by a prominent member of the Communist Party in Russia. Urged British communists to promote revolution through acts of sedition. Published in newspapers four days before the 1924 General Election and contributed to the defeat of MacDona (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUzinoviev.htm Arthur Henderson Arthur Henderson: Elected as a paid organizer of the Iron Founders Union. Main person responsible for Labour and the Nation, a pamphlet that attempted to clarify the political aims of the Labour Party. MP for Widnes in the House of Commons. (1863-1935) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUhenderson.htm Margaret Bondfield Margaret Bondfield: Served as secretary of the Women's Labour League and was also active in the Women's Co-operative Guild, which was campaigning for minimum wage legislation, an improvement in child welfare and action to lower the infant mortality rate. Became one of the f (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbondfield.htm Mary Wollstonecraft Mary Wollstonecraft: Wrote a pamphlet, A Vindication of the Rights of Man, in which she opposed the slave trade, the game laws and way that the poor were treated. In another book, Vindication of the Rights of Women, she argued for the equality of women. (1759-1797) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRwollstonecraft.htm Sidney Reilly Sidney Reilly: Known as Georgi Rosenblum and was born in Russia in 1874. Spied on Germany and was considered to be Britain's most important secret agent before World War I. Involved in forging the Zinoviev letter, which contributed to the defeat of the Labour Party in (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SSreilly.htm Frank Podmore Frank Podmore: Member of the Fabian Society. Wrote a two-volume book about Robert Owen in which he argued that Owen was the founding father of both socialism and spiritualism. (1856-1910) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUpodmore.htm Stewart Headlam Stewart Headlam: Ordained and appointed curate of St. John's Church in Drury Lane. Argued for a tax on land and the redistribution of wealth as a means of ending poverty. He also denounced wealth as robbery and inconsistent with Christianity. Became a leader in the Fabia (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REheadlam.htm Henry Snell Henry Snell: Member of the Labour Party and represented Woolwich in London in the 1922 General Election. Converted to socialism and joined the Fabian Society. Became leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords. (1865-1944) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUsnell.htm Elizabeth Pease Elizabeth Pease: Supported of universal suffrage and believed that most of the problems afflicting British society was due to "class legislation". Became member of the Peace Society and the Temperance Society and also took part in the anti-vivisection campaign. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REpeaseE.htm Graham Wallas Graham Wallas: Became one of the three leaders of the Fabian Society. Elected to the London School Board in 1894 and chaired its School Management Committee. Argued for the humanizing of modern life and believed that educators should pay more attention to human beings (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwallas.htm George Barnes George Barnes: Elected as General Secretary of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers. Formed the National Committee of Organised Labour for Old Age Pensions. Became leader of the Labour Party in 1910. (1859-1940) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbarnes.htm Ernest Belfort Bax Ernest Belfort Bax: Joined the Social Democratic Federation, then left to form the Socialist League. Wrote books in which he argued that Christian ethics was gradually being replaced by the Utilitarian idea that ethical change was produced by the needs of society rather tha (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbax.htm John Strachey John Strachey: Became a Labour MP in the 1929 General Election. Wrote The Menace of Fascism and The Theory and Practice of Socialism. Helped form the Left Book Club, whose main aim was to spread socialist ideas and to resist the rise of Fascism in Britain. (1901-1963) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUstrachey.htm Clifford Allen Clifford Allen: Member and supporter of socialist and labour organizations, including the Fabian Society. Also noted as a pacifist who helped form the No-Conscription Fellowship (NCF), an organization that encouraged men to refuse war service. Refusing to serve in the B (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUallen.htm Karl Marx Karl Marx: Born in Trier, Germany. Features a brief discussion of his life and works, including The Communist Manifesto. Includes excerpts from his writings. (1818-1883) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUmarx.htm Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels: Eldest son of a successful German industrialist. Collaborated with Karl Marx which resulted in the writing of the Communist Manifesto. It summarized the forthcoming revolution and the nature of the communist society that would be established by the prol (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUengels.htm Philip Snowden Philip Snowden: National chairman of the Independent Labour Party. Wrote about his views on Christian Socialism, the Temperance Movement and economics issues in The Socialist's Budget, Old Age Pensions, Socialism and the Drink Question, Socialism and Teetotalism, and th (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REsnowden.htm Richard Carlile Richard Carlile: Publisher of a radical newspaper, The Republican. Served prison term for violation of seditious libel laws. Strong supporter of women's rights and campaigned against child labor. Includes excerpts from his writings. (1790-1843) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcarlile.htm The Labour Elector The Labour Elector: Founded by Henry Hyde Champion, Tom Mann and John Burns in 1888. Paper campaigned for the eight-hour day, denounced bad employers and criticized trade union Liberal MPs in the House of Commons. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jlabour.htm Fabian Society Fabian Society: Socialist debating group formed in 1884. Includes brief history and commentaries. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Pfabian.htm Christian Socialism Christian Socialism: Movement which advocated socialism on religious and moral grounds. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REsocialism.htm Katharine Glasier Katharine Glasier: Christian Socialist who supported the campaign for complete adult suffrage. Became editor of the Labour Leader newspaper and took an anti-war stand. Includes excerpts from various writings. (1867-1950) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wglasier.htm Ben Tillett Ben Tillett: Led a strike at Tilbury Dock; became involved in the London Dock Strike; one of England's leading socialists. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REtillett.htm Hugh Dalton Hugh Dalton: Member of the Labour Party and in the 1924 General Election was elected to represent Camberwell the House of Commons. Became Minister of the Board of Trade and Chancellor of the Exchequer. Includes excerpts from his diary entries. (1887-1962) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUdalton.htm Sidney Webb Sidney Webb: Member of the Fabian Society. Sought an end to the laissez-faire and urged the government to play a more active role in regulating the economy. Influenced the development of the Welfare State. Drafted the 1902 Education Act and was a strong critic of the (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwebbS.htm Christabel Pankhurst Christabel Pankhurst: Activist in the women's suffrage movement, with early ties to the socialist and trade union movements. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WpankhurstC.htm Tom Paine Tom Paine: Journalist and author of Common Sense, a pamphlet that attacked the British Monarchy and argued for American independence. Wrote The Rights of Man, in which he attacked hereditary government and argued for equal political rights. The book also recommend (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRpaine.htm Jimmy Thomas Jimmy Thomas: Active member of the Associated Society of Railway Servants Union. Helped organize the railway strike of 1911. Was an important figure in the amalgamation of several unions to form the National Union of Railwaymen (NUR). (1874-1949) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUthomas.htm Edward Carpenter Edward Carpenter: Established himself as a poet of democracy and socialism with books like Towards Democracy, and England's Ideal. He also wrote socialist songs and hymns such as England Arise! that were used by the Labour Church movement in the 1890s. (1844-1929) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUcarpenter.htm Annie Besant Annie Besant: Noted Socalist, women's rights, and trade union activist during the late 1800's and early 1900's. Member of the Secular Society; wrote and published her own book advocating birth control entitled The Laws of Population. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbesant.htm Annie Kenney Annie Kenney: Women's rights activist during the early 1900's, also active in the Labour movement. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wkenney.htm Sydney Olivier Sydney Olivier: Secretary of the Fabian Society. Contributed articles to its journal, Today. (1859-1943) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUoliver.htm Fanny Wright Fanny Wright: Wrote book, Views of Society and Manners in America, which praised America's experiments in democracy. Advocated socialism, the abolition of slavery, universal suffrage, free secular education, birth control, changes in the marriage and divorce laws. (17 (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REwright.htm Will Thorne Will Thorne: Helped to establish the National Union of Gasworkers and General Labourers. Led successful negotiations for an eight-hour day. Represented West Ham in the House of Commons in the 1906 General Election. (1857-1946) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUthorne.htm 1924 General Election 1924 General Election: Features total votes and percents received by the Conservatives, Liberals, Labour Party, Sinn Fein, Communist Party and Constitutionalist. Includes brief description of terms. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GE1924.htm Victor Gollancz Victor Gollancz: Was strong supporter of the Labour Party. Helped form the Left Book Club, whose main aim was to spread socialist ideas and to resist the rise of Fascism in Britain. In the 1950s he played an active role in the formation of the National Campaign for the A (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jgollancz.htm Clement Attlee Clement Attlee: Member of the Labour Party. Served as prime minister from 1945-51. Presided over a number of social reforms, including establishment of the National Health Service and nationalization of some industries, services and the Bank of England. (1883-1967) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUattlee.htm Isabella Ford Isabella Ford: Interested in women's rights. Helped form the Leeds Women's Suffrage Society and the Leeds branch of the Independent Labour Party (ILP). An important writer of books on the struggle for equality. Includes excerpts from articles dealing with the women suf (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wford.htm Ellen Wilkinson Ellen Wilkinson: Represented Middlesbrough East in the House of Commons. Active in women's suffrage movement and trade unions. Appointed Minister of Education, the first woman in British history to hold the post. (1891-1947) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwilkinson.htm Tribune Tribune: Left-wing weekly newspaper first published in 1936. Mission was to recreate the Labour Party as a truly socialist organization. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jtribune.htm Robert Owen Robert Owen: Established four textile factories in New Lanark and was a strong advocate of factory reform. Formed a new community in New Harmony, Indiana based on his socialist ideas. Expressed his views in his journals, The Crisis and The New Moral World. Includes ex (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRowen.htm Ethel Annakin Snowden Ethel Annakin Snowden: Active in the Labour party during the early 1900s, helped form a branch of the Nation Union of Women's Suffrage Societies in Leeds. Was a pacifist and refused to support Britain's involvement in the First World War. Active member of the Women's Peace Crus (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wsnowden.htm Jeremy Bentham Jeremy Bentham: Philosopher, legal theorist and reformer, and political radical. Argued in favor of universal suffrage, annual parliaments and vote by ballot in his book, Constitutional Code. Includes excerpts. (1748-1832) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRbentham.htm H. M. Hyndman H. M. Hyndman: Apostle of Karl Marx. Formed Britain's first socialist political party, the Social Democratic Federation. Favored demand for universal suffrage and the nationalization of the means of production and distribution. (1842-1921) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUhyndman.htm George Julian Harney George Julian Harney: Publisher of newspaper, The Red Republican, in which he attempted to educate his working class readers about socialism and internationalism. He also attempted to convert the trade union movement to socialism. (1817-1897) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CHharney.htm Thomas Muir Thomas Muir: Was a lawyer and critic of a legal system that he believed was biased in favor of the rich. Advocated parliamentary reform. (1765-1799) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRmuir.htm Hubert Bland Hubert Bland: One of the founders of the Fabian Society. Rejected extremism and advocated what became known as gradualism. Joined the Independent Labour Party. Was an opponent of women's rights. (1855-1914) (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUbland.htm Justice Justice: Weekly newspaper published by the Social Democratic Federation in 1884. Continued publication until 1925. (Socialism and the Labour Movement) http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jjustice.htm