Comparison and Review (Languages)

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Comparison and Review Sites:

Java vs. JavaScript Similarities and Differences. From First Step Communications. http://www.firststep.com.au/education/solid_ground/javadiff.html The BNF Web Club Language Browse, explore some programming language's syntactic rules. See relations between rules, understand them using BNF (Backus-Naur Form notation) and syntactic diagrams: SQL, PL/SQL, SQL2, IDL; Ada95, Java, Modula-2; Lazy, LISP, M5. http://cui.unige.ch/db-research/Enseignement/analyseinfo/index.html Programming Language Critiques Annotated links to critiques (Older version, by original author) http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/pdp8/critiques/critiques.html Just Say No to Microsoft: Programming Languages Describes dozens of mostly living languages, grouped by family similarities. Most are alternatives to Microsoft. http://microsoft.toddverbeek.com/lang.html Schizoid Classes - Of class, type, and method A comparison of Java and Smalltalk. By Rodney Bates. http://acmqueue.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=205 Objective-C: Comparisons With Other Languages Compares Objective-C, SmallTalk-80, C++, Eiffel. http://www.dekorte.com/Objective-C/Comparisons.html Programming Languages mini-HOWTO Brief comparison of major Linux programming languages C, C++, Fortran, Java, Lisp, Perl, PHP, Python, Tcl; by Risto S. Varanka. http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Programming-Languages.html Reasons for TOM TOM attempts to address flaws in these languages: C++, Cecil, Common Lisp, Eiffel, Java, Objective-C, Smalltalk. http://gerbil.org/tom/doc/why.shtml Programmers: Otters with Rocks? Discusses historical move from low level languages to higher level interpreted ones, productivity, future developments. Active feedback response. [ZDNet News] http://zdnet.com.com/2100-11-529641.html Why C is not a good numerical language Explains why Fortran is a better language than C. http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~mjr/C/ How Does Ruby Compare With Python? By John Dell'Aquila. Text description, no code samples, Ruby Garden FAQ entry from comp.lang.python post. http://www.rubygarden.org/iowa/faqtotum/abQVRnqSeWIdM/b/1.11.7.2.5 What's Wrong with Perl Author explains what he considers wrong about Perl, presents Python as an alternative. Descriptions, code samples, links. http://www.garshol.priv.no/download/text/perl.html TMXxine Languages Brief comparison Curl with High Level assembler, BCX, Dark Basic, Mono (C#/.Net implementation), Python, Squeak, XBasic/XBlite. Curl applet examples. http://www.cyber-shaktipat.org/relax/languages.html In Search of the Ideal Programming Language Article by Sergey Polak. Review and comparison programming languages in search expressive, extensible, readable, safe, portable language. http://members.aol.com/SergeyP/paper.html Comparing Development Costs of C and Ada Article by Stephen F. Zeigler. Analysis of a case where most variables were controlled enough to make a comparison between development costs (time, error rates, code size, ...) of the 2 languages. http://www.adaic.com/whyada/ada-vs-c/cada_art.html Comparisons of Tcl with Other Systems Many comparisons between Tcl/Tk and other similar systems, most copied from comp.lang.tcl. http://www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/sai/ss96/uxdb2/comparison.html Advanced Programming Language Design Book compares over 70 languages, and main classes: imperative, functional, object-oriented, dataflow, concurrent, declarative, aggregate. By Raphael Finkel, Addison-Wesley. http://www.awprofessional.com/catalog/product.asp?product_id={92E30B39-5D91-45F9-9919-D202BE6341F9} Programming Language Critiques: Pascal, C, C++, and C-Linda By Jim Basney. May 1995. http://www.lernnetz-sh.de/kmlinux/doc/Pascal-Kurs/critique.html Java versus C++ This document compares the languages Java and C++. HTML, PS and PDF formats. http://www.dur.ac.uk/barry.cornelius/Java/java.versus.c++/ A Comparative Overview of C# Also compares C#, Java, C++. By Ben Albahari. http://genamics.com/developer/csharp_comparative.htm Comparison of Oberon-2 with Modula-2 Short text summary of main features of Oberon-2; target audience: Modula-2 programmers unfamiliar with Oberon-2, but familiar with object-oriented and extensible programming concepts. http://www.zel.org/oberon/compo2m2.htm CLOS, Eiffel, and Sather: A Comparison Comprehensive, many references; zipped Postscript, inlined gifs. http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/~sather/Publications/tr-91-047.html What I Hate About Your Programming Language Text treats general aspects of language choices, then compares hatred of Perl, Python, Ruby, PHP, Java, C, C++, JavaScript, XSLT, SQL. With many forum comments. [ONLamp.com] http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/onlamp/2003/05/12/languagephilosophy.html Programming Language Categories Brief text compares 6 basic language types: general scripting, programmer scripting, application development, low-level, pure functional, complete core. http://www.cs.oberlin.edu/~jwalker/languageCategories.html History and Comparing Programming Languages The files at this site compare programming language statements in several different languages tracing the statement from early languages to present languages. http://www.gavilan.edu/csis/languages/history.html TUNES Project: Programming Languages Over 200 languages described, mostly original commentary, many deep insights, over 1,000 links. [Open Content] http://cliki.tunes.org/Programming%20Languages Is Ada a Better C? Compares Ada, C, C++, language facilities under DOS. Copy of article in EXE magazine, May 1997, originally titled "Ada better than C++?" Text and code samples. http://www.beesknees.freeserve.co.uk/articles/ada-vs-cpp.html Tcl Advocacy Table, text, links compare Tcl, Perl, Python, JavaScript, Visual Basic. http://www.tcl.tk/advocacy/ Linea Engineering, Inc.: Getting The Biggest Bang For Your Buck Compares VisualGen, Smalltalk, C++/Java, ANSI COBOL 85. http://www.lineaengineering.com/Resources/Productivity_/productivity_.html Programming Languages Table By Capers Jones, Chairman, Software Productivity Research, Inc. Huge table of function point evaluation values (how many code lines needed for a task) compares 500 languages, dialects, and/or implementations. http://www.theadvisors.com/langcomparison.htm My Programming Language Crisis Some points on language design by Keith Waclena. http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/keith/crisis/crisis.html The Great Computer Language Shootout A collection of banchmarks performed on 24 different languages. Includes a tool to grade languages depending on how well they did on tests that matter for you. http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/great/ Programming Language Comparison Table compares popular object-oriented languages: Eiffel, Smalltalk, Ruby, Java, C++, Python, Perl, Visual Basic. http://www.jvoegele.com/software/langcomp.html Why Pascal is Not My Favorite Programming Language Brian Kernighan's comparison of Pascal and C http://www.lysator.liu.se/c/bwk-on-pascal.html Is Turing a Better Language for Teaching Programming than Pascal? Compares Turing to Pascal, long text document, no tables or graphs; by Jacqueline L. Martin, 1996, many references. http://www.holtsoft.com/turing/essay.html Survey of Programming Languages Associated with the Web General feature comparisons, explanations. http://faculty.frostburg.edu/cosc/htracy/cosc120/MODULES120/NetPL/PL_Net.htm Are scripting languages the wave of the future? Programming guru, Robert Martin, on languages of the coming decade. http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/1262/itw-0314-rcmappdevint/ C++??: A Critique of C++ (3rd ed.) A critical view on the C++ and C programming language. [Postscript] http://mis.ucd.ie/courses/misp617/mms406/CPPCV3.ps Fortran90 vs. Ada95 Compares Ada95 to Fortran90 via code samples, text. Well reasoned and written, many examples. Finds Ada equal or better than Fortran in all aspects but one marginal trait. http://fedelma.astro.univie.ac.at/web/fortran90_ada95.html An Empirical Comparison of C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Rexx, and Tcl By Lutz Prechelt. Neutral, quantitative analysis of 7 languages in title, for 7 variables, via 80 implementations of the same requirement set. PDF format. [IEEE Computer][PDF] http://page.mi.fu-berlin.de/~prechelt/Biblio/jccpprt_computer2000.pdf Programming Information from HB Text descriptions compare C/C++, Java, Pascal, Basic, VeraStream; Oracle; HTML, XML; JavaScript, PHP. http://www.cybercomm.nl/~broers/programming.html PL Prelim Notes Lists and compares about 20 languages. http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~humphrie/pl/ 1% the Code Compares colorForth and C: Chuck Moore, father of Forth, expects colorForth applications to need only 1% the code of C programs. No code samples. http://www.colorforth.com/1percent.html Developer's Dilemma: Perl or PHP? By Joe "Zonker" Brockmeier. How to choose between two languages that are both very popular for Web development? Text, forum comments. [NewsFactor] http://www.newsfactor.com/perl/story/19912.html Beyond Java? Compares Java and Dylan, with examples from building two CORBA IDL compilers. Topics include: multiple inheritance, multi-argument dispatch, unified object model, extensible syntax. Several code examples. http://www.functionalobjects.com/resources/beyond-java.phtml Is .NET's 'C' Sharper Than C++ or Java? By Joe "Zonker" Brockmeier. Text compares a few aspects of C#, Java, C++. [NewsFactor] http://www.newsfactor.com/perl/story/20584.html Gnat and Linux: C++ and Java Under Fire Compares Ada, Java, C, C++, Delphi. Text, tables. Gnat and Linux orientation. [Linux Gazette] http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue33/burtch.html Io Comparisons Compares a few variables (size, speed, syntax) in many languages: Brain, C, Cel, F-Script, Forth (gForth, pForth), Icon, Java (Kaffe), Lisp (CLisp, Guile, LispMe, Scheme48), Lua, Perl, Pike, Python, Ruby, Self, Smalltalk (GNU, Squeak, SuperCollider), Tcl. http://www.iolanguage.com/comparisons/ Why Tcl is Better than Perl Says Tcl is simpler, more maintainable, has superior GUI interface; Perl is hard to maintain and embed, thread unsafe, complex to learn. No code samples, tables, graphs. http://www.tcl.tk/advocacy/perl.html Intelligent Systems Table compares traits of DreamMaker, C/C++, Java/C#, Visual Basic, Assembly. http://isdreamaker.com/dm_compare.htm HEL vs. WebL A comparison of two languages specialized for retrieving and parsing HTML pages. http://cheops.cis.upenn.edu/~sahuguet/WAPI/HELvsWebL.html Ted Shieh's Programming Language Comparison A comparison of the features of and demand for some of the major programming languages. http://www.liquidmarkets.com/?name=lc&id=3 Timing Trials, or, the Trials of Timing: Experiments with Scripting and User-Interface Languages By Brian Kernighan, Christopher Van Wyk. Compares how fast C, Awk, Perl, Tcl, Java, Visual Basic, Limbo, Scheme, run a range of representative tasks. Text, tables, graphs, code samples. http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/bwk/interps/pap.html Inferno/Limbo vs. JavaOS/Java A small overview of the differences between Inferno/Limbo and JavaOS/Java. http://www.cs.hut.fi/~kny/inferno/compare.html VB or not VB Visual Basic, VB.Net critiques in comparison with Delphi and C#. http://www.shagrouni.com/english/software/vbnot.html Quantifying the Debate: Ada vs. C++ Tables and text compare Ada83, Ada95, C, C++; mainly costs, reliability. By Donald J. Reifer. [CrossTalk] http://www.stsc.hill.af.mil/crosstalk/1996/07/quantify.asp Dylan Competitive Analysis Compares Dylan, Smalltalk, Objective-C, C/C++. Long document. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~brd/cs212/handouts/comparison.htm Java Benchmark By Rene Grothmann. Compares sieve algorithm in Java and C/C++. Text, tables, live comparison applet. http://mathsrv.ku-eichstaett.de/MGF/homes/grothmann/java/bench/Bench.html Nine Language Performance Round-up: Benchmarking Math & File I/O Small-scale benchmark test run on 9 languages or variants: Java 1.3.1 and 1.4.2, C via gcc 3.3.1, Python 2.3.2 and via Psyco 1.1.1, 4 from Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003: Visual Basic/C#/C++/J#. http://www.osnews.com/story.php?news_id=5602 Sun's Comparison of Language Features Table graphic, uses good-fair-poor metric, compares Java, Smalltalk, Tcl, Perl, Shells, C, C++. http://www.npac.syr.edu/users/gcf/cps616java96/foilsepimagedir/023IMAGE.html Contrast Ruby and Other Languages Ruby vs Perl, Python, Tcl, Java, Eiffel, C++. Very short. http://www.math.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/%7Egotoken/ruby/compar.shtml Examples of Programs in Different Programming Languages Compares 129 (or 157?) languages, via 418 code samples, and growing. http://www.ntecs.de/old-hp/uu9r/lang/html/lang.en.html Programming language benchmarks Benchmark of the same program in some recent languages aims to support language choice decision for implementing computation-intensive web apps. http://dan.corlan.net/bench.html PLEAC: Programming Language Examples Alike Cookbook Suite of common programming problems solved in Ada, C++, Erlang, Guile, Haskell, Java, Masd, merd, NASM, Objective Caml, Perl, Pliant, Python, Ruby, Tcl. http://pleac.sourceforge.net/ Qtime Collection, FTP Download, Gzipped Display time as English sentence, coded in: AWK, C, ICI, Icon, JavaScript, Lite/mSQL, PHP3, Pike, Python, REBOL, Rexx, Ruby, SLang, Spanner. Tested on only Linux (all) and AmigaOS (C and Rexx versions). ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/linux/devel/lang/misc/ Languages Versus D Growing table compares D, C, C++, C#, Java, Delphi, Python, Perl, Eiffel, Sather, Smalltalk, Lisp/CLOS, Ada. Many clarifying comments below. [Wiki4D, Open Content] http://www.prowiki.org/wiki4d/wiki.cgi?LanguagesVersusD A Comparison of C++, FORTRAN 90 and Oberon-2 for Scientific Programming The report concludes by a personal assessment of the three languages with respect to the numerical context. By Bernd Mösli. The reader's experience in scientific programming in C or FORTRAN would be advantageous. http://www.arithmetica.ch/Oberon/CFORTRANOberon.nhtml D vs Other Languages Yes-No table with definitions compares D, C, C++, C#, Java, on: GC, functions, arrays, OOP, performance, reliability, compatibility, conditional compiling. [Digital Mars] http://www.digitalmars.com/d/comparison.html The ROT13 Page ROT13 implemented in many programming languages. http://www.miranda.org/~jkominek/rot13/ The C Family of Languages Interview with Dennis Ritchie, Bjarne Stroustrup, James Gosling. http://www.gotw.ca/publications/c_family_interview.htm ACM "Hello, World" Project List of the famous "Hello, World!" programming teaching program, in hundreds of different languages. http://www2.latech.edu/~acm/HelloWorld.shtml Java and C++ Resource Management Comparison Detailed discussion of the techniques used in Java and C++ to implement leak free and exception safe resource management. Covers memory management, finalizers, destructors and finally blocks with examples. http://www.fatalmind.com/paper/java_vs_cplusplus/resource.pdf Informal Language Comparison Chart(s) Links, and table comparing Ruby, Objective-C, Smalltalk-80 (old), SmallScript (Smalltalk-98 dialect), JavaScript 2.0 (ECMA Script), C#, C++, Java, Python, CLOS. http://www.smallscript.org/Language%20Comparison%20Chart.asp Guidelines for Choosing a Computer Language: Support for the Visionary Organizations Multipage study compares: 4GL/5GL, 3GL (Ada 95, C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, Java, Smalltalk), 2GL (Assembly). Divides language (definition) from traits of products that implement and support it. Several sections, tables, appendixes. http://archive.adaic.com/docs/reports/lawlis/content.htm Ada, C, C++, and Java vs. The Steelman Compares 4 programming languages (Ada95, C, C++, Java) with the requirements of "Steelman", original 1978 requirements document for Ada language. Big detailed table. http://www.adahome.com/History/Steelman/steeltab.htm Survey of scripting language implementation options A comparison of scripting language approaches in various categories. Pros and cons are given for each feature variation. http://www.geocities.com/tablizer/langopts.htm The Zen of Python By Tim Peters. http://www.awaretek.com/zen.html TIOBE Programming Community Index Monthly updated index that gives an indication of the popularity of programming languages. http://www.tiobe.com/tpci.htm 99 Bottles of Beer on the Wall Shows source code implementation for the same simple program across over 250 different programming languages. http://www.99-bottles-of-beer.net/ Ada95, Java, and C++ Some people think Java is like C++, but usual C++ idioms do not carry over to Java because Java is not a C++ superset or subset; Java is a derivation with many modifications, extensions. The language's syntax is alike, but semantics and philosophy is very http://www.adahome.com/Resources/Languages/chart3.html Why I don't use C# A non-compartive critique of the C# language by the creator of the Heron language. http://www.heron-language.com/c-sharp-critique.html Python Compared to Other Languages Many links to comparisons involving Python. http://www.python.org/doc/Comparisons.html Water Comparisons Two medium length documents compare object-oriented languages: Water with ConciseXML syntax, to JSP (JavaServer Pages) and Java; 1 brief list compares Water to PHP. http://waterlanguage.org/Comparisons.html Syntax Across Languages Operator names and syntax elements in various programming languages. http://merd.net/pixel/language-study/syntax-across-languages.html C# From a Java Developer's Perspective Comprehensive article by Dare Obasanjo, details most similarities and differences between the two languages: features Java has that C# doesn't, and features C# has that Java doesn't. Text, tables, code, resources. http://www.25hoursaday.com/CsharpVsJava.html Ruby Versus Nine Object-Oriented Languages Compares Ruby, Objective-C, Smalltalk-80, C++, Java, Python, CLOS, Perl5, PHP, Dylan. http://www.approximity.com/ruby/Comparison_rb_st_m_java.html The Quine Page Collection of self-reproducing programs: each outputs a copy of its own source code; about 60 languages. http://www.nyx.net/~gthompso/quine.htm Java vs. C# Code for code comparison. All features on both languages are compared. http://www.javacamp.org/javavscsharp/index.html Object-Oriented Languages in the Industry: A Comparison Table-based comparison of 4 major OO languages: Eiffel, C++, Java, Smalltalk. Criteria chosen to suggest where Eiffel is better. http://archive.eiffel.com/doc/manuals/technology/oo_comparison/page.html Java and Smalltalk Syntax Compared Table and notes compare some elements of syntax of Java 1.1 to Smalltalk-80. http://www.chimu.com/publications/JavaSmalltalkSyntax.html Ada versus Modula-3 Compares similarities and differences, by user of both languages. http://archive.dstc.edu.au/AU/staff/crawley/ada/m3-vs-ada.html University of Michigan's Language Guide Each entry includes history, description, code examples, and references. http://www.engin.umd.umich.edu/CIS/course.des/cis400/

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