Bolivia

Introduction to Bolivia

The Republic of Bolivia is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Brazil on the north and east, Paraguay and Argentina on the south, and Chile and Peru on the west.

The 1967 constitution, amended in 1994, provides for balanced executive, legislative, and judicial powers. The traditionally strong executive, however, tends to overshadow the Congress, whose role is generally limited to debating and approving legislation initiated by the executive. The judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Court and departmental and lower courts, has long been riddled with corruption and inefficiency. Through revisions to the constitution in 1994, and subsequent laws, the government has initiated potentially far-reaching reforms in the judicial system and processes.

Bolivia's nine departments received greater autonomy under the Administrative Decentralization law of 1995, although principal departmental officials are still appointed by the central government. Bolivian cities and towns are governed by directly elected mayors and councils. Municipal elections were held on 5 December 2004, with councils elected to five-year terms. The Popular Participation Law of April 1994, which distributes a significant portion of national revenues to municipalities for discretionary use, has enabled previously neglected communities to make striking improvements in their facilities and services.

Cultural notes about Bolivia

Bolivian culture has many Inca, Aymara and other indigenous influences in religion, music and clothing, depending upon the region of the country, isolation of the cultures and contact with European (Spanish) culture. The best known fiesta is the UNESCO heritage "El carnaval de Oruro". Entertainment includes football, which is the national sport, played in many street corners. Also, zoos are a popular attraction with a diverse population of interesting creatures. Also, Bolivia is full of a variety of festivals, including special dance celebrations, such as the Carnaval de Oruro.

Official Canadian government advisories for travelling to, in and around Bolivia

The political and security situations in Bolivia remain uncertain. On September 6, 2005, there were clashes between supporters of two rival political parties. Such activities can be expected during and after the election period.

While most demonstrations in Bolivia are peaceful, some do turn violent. In the time leading up to and following the election on December 18, 2005, it is possible that demonstrations, roadblocks and marches will occur on main roads at any time and with little or no notice.

Canadians travelling in Bolivia should maintain a high level of personal security awareness, be attentive to reports of current developments, confirm travel arrangements with travel agents and/or tour operators, and contact the Consulate of Canada in La Paz for registration, assistance or advice.