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The Youngest General of the Revolution Biography of Manuel Tinio, the youngest general of the 1896 Revolution. http://www.geocities.com/sinupan/tiniomanuel.htm Through the Centuries Timeline and account of the Philippines from 30,000 BC to Abu Sayyaf in 2002, by Gunter Schwarz and Rosalinda Morgado-Schwarz. http://www.rms-gs.de/phileng/history/content.html American View of Philippine History US Library of Congress country study of the Philippines, from pre-Hispanic times to the presidency of Corazon Aquino. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/phtoc.html Battle of Bayang Centennial 102-year-old eyewitness interview of American incursion into Lake Lanao in Mindanao and the battle against the Maranao datus of Bayang and Binidayan, led by Sultan Pandapatan. http://home.pacbell.net/sika/BAYANGMARANAOVIEW.html A Dawning Light to the Zambales The evangelization of headhunting mountain tribes, beginning in 1601, by individual Recollect missionaries, some of whom were slain. By Kenneth C. Masong http://www.geocities.com/kcmasong/historyofiba.htm History of the Philippines Two narratives from Canada covering the beginnings of the archipelago all the way to the present, from Frasier Weir and from Daniel Young. Also, an account of the 85-year-long Dagohoy revolt in Bohol, by Alan Cajes. http://www.ualberta.ca/~vmitchel/ Mabini: A Century After His Passing Detailed biography of the great hero who originally refused to support the revolution but changed his mind when Jose Rizal was executed. By Alexander Martin. http://www.bulatlat.com/news/3-14/3-14-mabini.html Humabon, Defender of Cebu Rajah Humabon massacred the men of Ferdinand Magellan after the battle of Mactan and other historical scenes re-created by Manuel Panares in his paintings of Cebu's past. http://cebu-online.com/swum/sugbo/index.html History of Parañaque History of this city from 1572 until the 1950's. http://www.geocities.com/palanyag/history.html Americanization of Christianity in the Philippines Tracing the religions of the Filipinos from the coming of the Spanish catholics and protestant Americans through the 'Aglipay' native church established after independence. http://www.pacificrim.usfca.edu/research/perspectives/app_v2n1_abstracts.html#Gonzalez Cagayan Valley - Repulse of the First Conquistador History of the northern Philippines from the repulse of Juan de Salcedo, the Spanish conquistador, to the rebuilding after World War II. By Monsignor Domingo Mallo-Penaflor. http://cagayanetcom.sphosting.com/cagayan/caghistspanish.html Corregidor - Then and Now All historical aspects of Corregidor, and why two vastly different battles were fought over it. Includes numerous historic photographs, and aspects of cryptography, cartography, topography, munitions, Coast Artillery, USMC, USN, MacArthur, comprehensive U http://corregidor.org/ct&n_index.html Andres Bonifacio: A Self-taught Revolutionary Biography of the unschooled leader of the 1896 revolution who taught himself the ideals of 19th century liberalism and nationalist independence. http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Cynthia/festivals/bonifacio_day.htm Spaniards' First 50 Years in the Philippines Source documents of the early years of Spanish colonization. Also, documents on the church-state stormy relationship during the Spanish era. http://www.philippinehistory.net Philippine Centennial/Sentenaryo The Philippine Revolution and Philippine-American War and their impact on politics and culture. Articles on Filipinos in America. Edited by Jim Zwick. http://www.boondocksnet.com/centennial/contents.html Jose Rizal: Reflections of a Filipino And other writings by the Philippine national hero, from the Cavite State University. http://www.geocities.com/cavitesu/rizpage.htm Spanish View of Philippine History Articles on the conquest of the islands in 1565 and the revolution of 1898. http://candamo.iespana.es/candamo/1898/ingles/ibuenos.htm The Pacification of the Philippines Experience in the decades-old 'Indian Wars' in the American west served the US Army veterans well in the war against Philippine irregulars in the 1899-1902 war. By John M. Gates. http://www.wooster.edu/history/jgates/book-ch3.html Austrian-Philippine Articles on culture, history, the Rizal-Blumentritt friendship, Austrian-Philippine relations, and picturesque old Philippines. http://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi.htm Alibata at Pandesal Contains pictures of this ancient Filipino script. http://alibataatpandesal.com Malay Balay Means Few Houses History of Kala Sungay, the capital of the Bukidnons, massacred and burned by the Spaniards in 1850. Survivors rebuilt their Sacub river village under Datu Mampa Along, and finally submitted to Spanish rule in 1877. http://www.geocities.com/reactkmln/rp_malaybalay_city_history.htm Filipinos in History Biographies of more than 100 heroes and noted Filipinos. http://www.geocities.com/sinupan/pinoy.htm Nueva Ecija History Province was created in 1705 as a military district, named after the Spanish governor's native town in Andalucia, Spain, from parts of the neighboring provinces of Pampanga, Tayabas (Quezon) and Isabela. http://www.pesocard.com/provinces/region3/nuevaecija/history.html Hukbalahap Insurrection An American account and analysis of the peasant revolt which nearly toppled the government in 1948-1950. http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/coldwar/huk/huk-fm.htm Creation Myths Compilation of islandic tales comprising the Philippines prehistoric oral tradition. By Penelope V. Flores. http://store.escalate.com/store/turoturo/article3.jsp Philippine Centennial Series Macario Sakay, July 4 the real independence day, and other historical articles by the Philippine History Group of Los Angeles, edited by Hector Santos http://www.bibingka.com/phg/menu.htm Agrarian Reforms in the Philippines United Nations research paper on land reform programs from 1900 through the present CARP (Comprehensive Agricultural Reform Program). http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan005112.pdf Clark Air Base 1959-1960 Memoirs Stories of a young man growing up on an airbase in the Philippines, and the first and only World Boy Scout Jamboree in 1959. By Terry Ballard. http://www.terryballard.org/clark.htm Ancient Religions of the Filipinos Religious beliefs and cosmology of indigenous tribes of the Philippines were as varied as the tribes. by Paul Kenkai Manansala. http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Temple/9845/spirit.htm The Thomasites, Before and After Diatribe against the displacement of Spanish as lingua franca of the islands by the Thomasite teachers from the United States in the beginning of the 20th century. By Guillermo Gomez Rivera. http://www.emanila.com/pilipino/various/ggr_thomasites.htm The Tagalog-Kapampangan Alliance Excerpts from "The Aquinos of Tarlac" by noted author Nick Joaquin, of the Tagalog and Kapampangan revolution against the Spaniards and their war against the American invasion. http://maxpages.com/tarlac La Naval de Manila Blessed Virgin Mary honored yearly since 1646 in gratitude for Spanish naval victories in a series of battles against invading Dutch fleets. http://www.htc.edu.ph/arc/crusade/word/History.doc Dagohoy, Boholano Against Spain The longest revolt against Spanish occupation of the Philippines and other articles on Bohol island history. By Alan Cajes http://www.geocities.com/alancajes/ Jose Rizal as Religion, Constantino as Dogma Debate of historians on the hero's advocacy or rejection of the 1896 revolution, reflecting the controversy plaguing Philippine history. By Floro C. Quibuyen, from Forum Online, of the University of the Philippines http://www.up.edu.ph/forum/2000/06/mayjune/rizal.htm Migration to the USA Race riots, discrimination, and other events experienced by Filipinos in the United States. Also, articles on the 1896 revolution and the 1899 Philippine-American War. http://opmanong.ssc.hawaii.edu/filipino/filmig.html Lakbay Europa Filipino migration to Europe started in the 1960s and reached its peak under the 'Labor Export Policy' of President Marcos in the 1970s and early 1980s. http://web.onetelnet.nl/~wteunissen/cfmw.htm The Thomasites, A Centennial Narrative of the American teachers who started public education in 1901 and made the Philippines the most literate country in southeast Asia. A centennial commemorative project. http://www.thomasites100.org Jungle Patrol History of the Philippine Constabulary, from its formation in 1901 until its dissolution in 1936. By Vict Hurley. http://www.bakbakan.com/junglep.html The Religions of the Philippines Impact of the introduction of alien religions on pre-historic animism and ancestor worship, and the interplay of homegrown and foreign religions to the present day. By Jack Miller. http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Modules/Modules/PhilippineReligions/article_miller.htm Lest We Forget The liberation of the Philippines in 1944-45, a memoir by by Lt. Col. Carlos A. Keasler. Includes photos and narratives of the battle of Manila and Santo Tomas internment camp. http://www.webcom.com/wak/lestweforget/default.htm Philippine Archival Photographs Browse hundreds of digital photographs taken at the turn of the 20th century, from the University of Michigan Special Collections Library. http://test.images.umdl.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/image-idx?c=sclphilimg The Changing Nature of the Bikolano Principalia During the American Period Evolution of the village leaders in Bicol during the American occupation of the region, 1900 - 1946. http://www.adnu.edu.ph/MainWeb/Research/art01.html Philippine-American War Summary of the Philippine-American War (1899-1902), from Veltisezar Bautista's book, The Filipino American. http://www.filipino-americans.com/filamwar.html Leon Kilat And The Cebu Revolt Recounting the conspiracy, battles and betrayal of the revolution on the island of Cebu in 1898. By Emil G. Justimbaste http://www.geocities.com/lkilat Sucesos delas Islas Filipinas, by Dr. Antonio de Morga The reknowned history of the early years of the Spanish colony in the Philippines written in 1609, annotated by Jose Rizal in 1890 and published in 1907. From the Nalanda Digital Library Etext Conversion Project. http://www.nalanda.nitc.ac.in/resources/english/etext-project/history/philippine/chapter1.html Chinese Revolutionary In Cavite The story of Ignacio Paua, a Chinese migrant who fought on Emilio Aguinaldo's side in the battle of Binakayan, and was among Aguinaldo's aides to attack and arrest Andres Bonifacio, supremo of the Katipunan. By Anson T. Yu. http://www.tsinoy.com/Infocus/Infocus.cfm?ID=20&Pagenum=3 Filipinas (1898-1946): The Re-Colonization rama An article on how the Philippines, after more than three centuries of Spanish administration, did not need a new colonization. http://www.geocities.com/kaibigankastil/drama.html Alibata Describes the origins and history of the alibata writing system. By Victor Ganata, University of California Berkeley, 1999. http://fatoprofugus.net/alibata/index.html Mass Media in the Philipines From Magellan's bible and Pigafetta's diary of 1521, the history of publication and communication in the islands from the Spanish era to the People's Revolution of 1986. From the Finland embassy webpage. http://www.finlandembassy.ph/texting3.htm Republic or Empire: American Resistance to the Philippine War Daniel B. Schirmer's history of the Anti-Imperialist League's opposition to the Philippine-American War, with a preface by Howard Zinn. http://www.boondocksnet.com/ai/dbs/index.html Filipino Folktales Legends and old-time stories told through the ages. http://folktales.webmanila.com A Philippine Leaf Literacy and writing among prehistoric Filipinos, by Hector Santos, known historian and expert on ancient writing. http://bibingka.com/dahon/default.htm The Languages of the Philippines The history and impact of public education in English on Spanish and the native languages since 1898. A dissertation by Sharon Clampitt-Dunlap. http://www.atoni.com/dila/issues/spanish/clampit/welcome.html Jose Rizal's Noli Me Tangere The complete text of the novel that inspired the Philippine Revolution. With both contemporary and recent criticism. http://www.boondocksnet.com/centennial/rizal/index.html History of Leyte Historical junctures from pre-Hispanic times to the World War II Leyte landings. By Emil B Justimbaste. http://www.geocities.com/ebjustimbaste Betrayal of the Philippine People Shifting policies plagued the administration of the islands during the American occupation. From the Colonial Masters World website. http://colonialmasters.8K.com/philippines.htm Keeping The Indio Mind Primitive: The Politics of Ignorance Spanish colonials withheld education to keep Filipinos divided and subservient, despite 2 direct orders from Spain's king. By FPA Demeterio III, from San Beda College's Diwatao online journal. http://www.geocities.com/philodept/diwatao/primitivization_of_indio_mind.htm The Death of Antonio Luna Emilio Aguinaldo ordered the death of General Antonio Luna, Filipino collaborators helped the Americans set up the occupation of the Philippines, and other stories of the Philippines' history. http://www.delapaz-ewf.org/History.htm Origins From Two Empires Advocates that Visayans descended from the Sri Vishayan empire of Sumatra, and the Mindanao Moros were warriors of the Madjapahit Empire of Java, from the Visayan Voice. http://www.vizvoyz.freeservers.com/custom.html Jose Rizal Comprehensive website about the national hero of the Philippines, Jose Rizal. Includes an article on the rumored relationship with a former Nazi dictator. http://www.joserizal.ph/in01.html EDSA 3: A Surprising Uprising Three analyses of the May Day riot by the 'have-nots' in Manila by known Philipine writers. From the 'Focus on the Philippines' website. http://www.focusweb.org/publications/Bulletins/Fop/2001/FOP20.htm US-Philippine History 19th and 20th century articles and photos from the Bentley Historical Collection of the University of Michigan. http://www.umich.edu/~bhl/bhl/mhchome/philip/philtp.htm Lapu-Lapu, Balagtas And Other Heroes Biographies of prominent figures in Philippine history and cultural development. http://www.geocities.com/tokyo/harbor/1320/mmnbant.html The Spanish Language in the Philippines History of Spanish-speaking Filipinos since 1571 when Spanish became the official language, until the 1987 constitution, when it became not. By Spanish advocate Guillermo Gomez Rivera of the Academia Filipina dela Lengua. http://www.atoni.com/dila/issues/spanish/rivera/welcome.html Idols of Philippine History Brief biographies of Rizal, Bonifacio, Ninoy, Tandang Sora, Mabini and other luminaries from pre-colonial times to the EDSA People Power revolution. http://geocities.com/kodiko1/historia.htm Nueva Vizcaya Became Filipino From prehistory to their assimilation into the Republic, the story of the tribal peoples of northern Luzon, by Micheal Predmore, a former Peace Corp volunteer, 1983-1987 http://members.tripod.com/NewVizcaya/histviz.htm Reappraising Philippine History Jesuit friar Jose S. Arcilla's incisive analysis of the state of the study of history and its vital role, from Jose Rizal on, on past and current life in the Philippines.[PDF] http://www.admu.edu.ph/files/212/07_Arcilla.pdf The Philippine Centennial Site GOMBURZA, the Tausug Resistance and other narratives published to celebrate the 1998 centennial anniversary, by MSC Communications. http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/index.html Highland People of the Cordillera History of the 'Igorots', their centuries-old resistance to subjugation, their civilization and ethnic origin. By Roderick N. Labrador. http://www.hawaii.edu/cseas/pubs/explore/v1/v1n1-art4.html Pre-Spanish Tacloban Filipinos were part of the ancient empire of Sri Vijaya and took part in the battle for Malacca against the Portuguese in 1511-1512. http://members.tripod.com/Taclobanon/Prespanish.htm Sari-Sari Articles on pre-Hispanic times, ancient baybayin writing, and language. Also with free fonts and celebrity pictures. http://www.mts.net/~pmorrow/ The Philippine Presidents Portraits and biographies of the 14 Presidents, from Emilio Aguinaldo to Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Includes day-by-day record of Joseph Ejercito Estrada's impeachment. http://geocities.com/philippinepresidents/ Sitting In Darkness Rise of anti-imperialism in the United States in 1901, led by well-known author Mark Twain, in reaction to the conquest of the Philippines. http://www.boondocksnet.com/ai/twain/persit.html Bataan Death March Written in verse by Jesse Knowles http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/8967 Jose Rizal, Hero of the Filipinos Jose Rizal, the national hero, declared his opposition to the 1896 revolution. By Charles Edward Russell and B.B. Rodriguez, published in 1923 http://www.geocities.com/thetropics/8807/rizal.html Moises Salvador Scion of prominent Manila family, this friend and ally of Jose Rizal defiantly walked to his execution for complicity in the agitation against Spanish rule in the Philippines. The Guipit elementary school was renamed for him in 1936. http://www.geocities.com/sinupan/salvadormoises.htm Mabini, the Impoverished Hero Biography of Apolinario Mabini, the sublime paralytic and Brains of the Revolution. http://www.geocities.com/rainforest/9909/mabini.html EDSA The Original People Power Revolution Powerful day-by-day chronicle of the downfall of dictator Ferdinand Marcos in 1986, by Angela Stuart-Santiago. http://www.stuartxchange.com/Edsa.html Constitutions and History The complete, unabridged national constitutions from 1899 to 1987 and other resources on Philippine history. http://www.pryo.net/History/ConstitutionHome.html History of Cagayan de Oro From its first human occupation in 377, christianization of Datu Salangsang by a Portuguese Recollect friar in 1626, to the end of the Marcos dictatorship in 1986, the story of the land of Huluga, later renamed by the Spaniards from the Cagayan Valley. By http://cagayan.sni.ph/history.html Jewels of Imelda Marcos Photos and brief history of jewelry that supposedly belonged to the former First Lady. http://www.djl.net/jewels/ Philippines - A Conflicted Land Rebellions, wars and insurgencies in the Philippines since 1898. Expanded timeline from the noted PBS Frontline series. http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/philippines/timeline.html The Spanish in Southeast Asia 3 small groups of Spanish specialists on Philippine history research archives in Cordoba, Madrid and Barcelona. By Florentino Danao, from the International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden and Amsterdam, The Netherlands. http://www.iias.nl/kreeft/IIASNONLINE/Newsletters/Newsletter13/Regional/13cdgd05.html Lumad Retreat The 400-year flight of the hilltribes collectively called Lumads into the wilderness, and the consequent ecological destruction of the Pulangi river, the 'Rio Grande de Mindanao' of Spanish annals. http://www.mekonginfo.org/mrc_en/doclib.nsf/0/2AE0F8B274605B4DC725673700122451/$FILE/PART5.html Children of the Pearl Information on the Philippine culture before the Spanish colonization. http://www.geocities.com/gcalla1/pearl.htm 1986 EDSA Revolution Explains the spirit, beginning, leaders, and the people of this revolution. From Ateneo's ThinkQuest. http://library.thinkquest.org/15816/mainpage.html?tqskip=1 Philippine Technology in History The Philippines was not far behind other countries of the world when the Spaniards began colonization in the 16th century. by Paul Kenkai Manansala http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Temple/9845/tech.htm Guide to Philippine History Provides a timeline of important events from prehistory to 1998, heroes both well-known and not [like Mariano Alvarez], and presidents from Emilio Aguinaldo to Joseph Estrada Ejercito. http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Pool/1644/ The Cabecera of Tarlac Local history and cultural evolution in Tarlac, a collection of articles by Lino L. Dizon in the Center for Tarlac Studies. http://www.geocities.com/cts_tsu/index.html Ambivalent Domestications in the Philippines Slavery and racism in Philippine history, cited in novels by national hero Jose Rizal and in the political scandal of 1912-1914. By Michael Salman of the history dept., UCLA[PDF] http://www.rinri.or.jp/K-Carnegie/5salman.pdf Clark Air Base Scrapbook Pictures from the 90 year history of Americans stationed at Clark Air Base in the Philippines. http://zcap.freeyellow.com/pix3.htm Filipino-Chinese Nationalist The story of Roman Ongpin, rebel and supporter of the Katipunan who was imprisoned by the Americans, and had a street in Manila renamed after him. http://www.tsinoy.com/Infocus/Infocus.cfm?ID=20&Pagenum=2 Justification of Spanish Rule 1582 council of Jesuit, Augustinian and Dominican friars convened by the first bishop of Manila to debate Spain's right to conquer the Philippines. http://www.sspxasia.com/Newsletters/2001/Oct-Dec/The_Controversy_over_Justification.htm Jose Rizal's Retraction, Or Not Did the national hero renounce all his writings against the friars, or not? Details of the multiple copies, doubtful document sources and vague testimonies sustain the long and still ongoing debate. http://www.joserizal.ph/rt01.html Friars' History of the Philippines Spanish account of the colonization of the islands from 1521 through 1574. http://www.sspxasia.com/Newsletters/2001/Oct-Dec/A_short_Philippine_History.htm Macario Sakay, Tulisan or Patriot? Long after the last of Gen. Aguinaldo's men surrendered to the Americans, independent armies continued their fight for independence. One of these was led by Macario Sakay. From Hector Santos' Philippine Centennial Series. http://www.bibingka.com/phg/sakay Racial Typing of Filipino Convicts in 1903 Album of 80 photographs of Filipino prisoners of Bilibid Prison in 1903, prepared by Daniel Folkmar as part of a study of Philippine racial types exhibited at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. http://www.boondocksnet.com/gallery/apt/index.html Fillipinos in America Highly personalized articles about Filipinos who migrated to America, by Nestor P. Enriquez http://www.filipinohome.com/archive.html Herman Knight Beaber Biography of an American missionary who continued his work after imprisonment by the Japanese during World War II. http://www.geocities.com/ithascome/ Chabacano, Philippine-style Spanish The development of Creole Spanish from its beginning on June 23, 1635, and the current state of the Spanish language in the Philippines. http://filipinokastila.tripod.com/chabig.html Jose Rizal, Liberator of the Philippines Biography of Jose Rizal, the national hero, and his effect on the country's history, by the president of Ateneo de Naga, Raul J. Bonoan. http://pages.prodigy.com/LALA/ammag.htm Philippine Presidents Biographies of each president, from Emilio Aguinaldo to Joseph Ejercito Estrada. http://www.angelfire.com/on/philpres/ Former Subic Bay Naval Base, The History, photos, stories and message boards. http://www.subicbaypi.com Tribute to Ninoy Aquino Includes rare photos, poems, and articles. http://www.geocities.com/arbdesign11/ninoy.htm Battling Bastards of Bataan Veterans memorial of the World War II site, with photos and stories of personal experiences. http://home.pacbell.net/fbaldie/Battling_Bastards_of_Bataan.html Evolution Of Filipino as a National Language 3 articles tracing the evolution of the language from pre-history through successive infusion of foreign words. http://www.seasite.niu.edu/tagalog/essays_on_philippine_languages.htm Jose Rizal's 'Sweet Foreigner' Biography of Josephine Bracken, Irish wife of the national hero, Jose Rizal, who stood by his side during his execution and joined the Katipunan struggle later. http://www.geocities.com/capitolhill/senate/4982/bracken.htm EDSA 2 Gives a comparison of EDSA I and II, pictures, timeline, and links. http://members.tripod.com/twist14/edsa2/ The Philippines, 1500 - 1800 From the Encyclopedia of World History, chronicle of events in the first 300 years of the Philippines written history. http://www.bartleby.com/67/867.html Vigan City, Ciudad Fernandina Named after a yam, 'bigaa', the city on an island has existed continuously and prospered since its founding in 1572 as Ciudad Fernandina in honor of the son of King Philip of Spain. http://www.vigancity.gov.ph/history.htm An American in the Philippines The online archival collection of George Percival Scriven, witness to the occupation of Bohol during the Philippine-American war, 1899 - 1901. From the Duke University special collections library. http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/scriven

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