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Cancellation Discussion of thread cancellation techniques in Java. (excerpt from Doug Lea's Concurrent Programming in Java book) http://g.oswego.edu/dl/cpj/cancel.html Can ThreadLocal Solve the Double-checked Locking Problem? Explains how to fix the double-checked locking idiom by using thread-local variables and takes a look at its performance. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-11-2001/jw-1116-dcl_p.html Simple Java Thread Management Library (SJT.Mgmt) An easy to use library for adding thread management in Java applications. The library comes from early experience with JServ's lack of thread management, and recent posts to the java developer forums. [Open source] http://simplethread.sourceforge.net/ The "Double-Checked Locking is Broken" Declaration Details on the reasons - some very subtle - why double-checked locking cannot be relied upon to be safe. Signed by a number of experts, including Sun engineers. http://www.cs.umd.edu/~pugh/java/memoryModel/DoubleCheckedLocking.html Avoid Synchronization Deadlocks Explains how to apply consistent rules for acquiring multiple locks simultaneously, to reduce the likelihood of synchronization deadlocks. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2001/jw-1012-deadlock_p.html Programming Java Threads in the Real World, Part 7 Reader/writer locks let multiple threads safely access a shared resource in an efficient way. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-04-1999/jw-04-toolbox_p.html Programming Java Threads in the Real World, Part 9 Discussion of two more architectural solutions to threading problems: a synchronous dispatcher (or 'reactor') and an asynchronous dispatcher (or 'active object'). http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-06-1999/jw-06-toolbox_p.html Achieve Strong Performance With Threads, Part 2 Explains synchronization, Java's synchronization mechanism, and two problems that arise when developers fail to use that mechanism correctly. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-06-2002/jw-0607-java101_p.html Programming Java Threads in the Real World, Part 2 Discusses the perils that can arise when you approach multithreading in a naive way. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-1998/jw-10-toolbox_p.html Thread Synchronization in Java (Sources) Introduces basic concurrency problems and shows how to solve them by using builtin Java synchronization primitives. (Only sources free accessed without registration) http://devcentral.iticentral.com/articles/Java/thread_sync/code.html Programming Java Threads in the Real World, Part 6 How to implement the Observer pattern (used by AWT/Swing for its event model) in a multithreaded environment. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-03-1999/jw-03-toolbox_p.html Programming Java Threads in the Real World, Part 1 Discusses the things you need to know to program threads in the real world. This article assumes you understand the language-level support for threads and focuses on the legion of problems that arise when you try to use these language features. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-09-1998/jw-09-threads_p.html Ease Your Multithreaded Application Programming Takes a look at one of the most-used constructs in multithreaded programming: the producer-consumer scenario. Also shows a Consumer class which facilitates code reuse and simplifies debugging and maintenance in some multithreaded applications. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-prodcon/ Double-Checked Locking: Clever, but Broken Though many Java books and articles recommend double-checked locking, unfortunately, it is not guaranteed to work in Java. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-02-2001/jw-0209-double_p.html Programming Java Threads in the Real World, Part 5 Timers let you perform fixed-interval operations, such as animation refreshes. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-02-1999/jw-02-toolbox_p.html Java Technology, Threads, and Scheduling in Linux Examines the performance of the Linux kernel when the system is running a heavily threaded Java program using the IBM Java Developer Kit for Linux. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/j-java2/ Double-checked Locking and the Singleton Pattern Examines the roots of the double-checked locking idiom, why it was developed, and why it doesn't work. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-dcl.html Thread Synchronization in Java Producer Consumer, Dining Philosophers, Reader Writer problems. Applet demonstration, design diagram. Source code accessable by e-mail request. http://www.hta-be.bfh.ch/~fischli/kurse/threads/ Thread Pools and Work Queues Explores the motivations for thread pools, some basic implementation and tuning techniques, and some common hazards to avoid. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/j-jtp0730.html Hey, where'd my thread go? If you're not careful, threads can disappear from server applications without a (stack) trace. In this article, threading expert Brian Goetz offers some techniques for both prevention and detection of threads going AWOL. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/j-jtp0924.html Implementing Read-Write Locks in Java Read-write locks allow multiple threads to acquire a read lock provided no other thread currently has a write lock on the same object. A thread can acquire a write lock if no other thread owns either a read lock or a write lock. http://www.asingh.net/technical/rwlocks.html Achieve Strong Performance With Threads, Part 4 Focuses on thread groups, volatility, thread-local variables, timers, and the ThreadDeath class. Also describes how various thread concepts combine to finalize objects. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-08-2002/jw-0802-java101_p.html Multi-threading in Java Article by Neel V. Kumar. A tour in the land of multithreading in Java. Introduces the mechanisms and demonstrates how to use them in limited but very common cases. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/multithreading.html Threading Lightly: Synchronization is not the Enemy Takes a look at the semantics and the performance penalty of Java's synchronized keyword. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-threads1.html Can Double-Checked Locking be Fixed? In this article, Brian Goetz looks at some of the commonly proposed fixes and shows how each of them fails to render the DCL idiom thread-safe under the Java Memory Model. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-05-2001/jw-0525-double_p.html Achieve Strong Performance With Threads, Part 1 Gives an introduction to threads and explores the Thread class and runnables. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-05-2002/jw-0503-java101_p.html Threading Lightly: Exploiting ThreadLocal to Enhance Scalability Examines ThreadLocal and offers tips for exploiting its power. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-threads3.html Programming Java Threads in the Real World, Part 3 Looks at how and why you might want to roll your own exclusion semaphores, and presents a lock manager that will help you safely acquire multiple semaphores. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-11-1998/jw-11-toolbox_p.html Warning! Threading in a Multiprocessor World Many authors advocate the double-checked locking idiom to access a Singleton object in an intuitively thread-safe way. Unfortunately, for counterintuitive reasons, double-checked locking doesn't work in Java. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-02-2001/jw-0209-toolbox_p.html Why Thread Pools are Important in Java Explains the use of thread pools to create better performing applications. http://www.devx.com/upload/free/features/javapro/2000/10oct00/tm0010/tm0010.asp Seminar: Concurrent Programming in Java A comprehensive course covering all aspects of multi-thread programming in Java from plain synchronization over Java 5.0 concurrency utilities to memory model issues. http://www.langer.camelot.de/Courses/ConcurrentJava.htm Threads 101 Explains from the ground up how to get threads work correctly. (Chuck Allison) http://www.cuj.com/java/allison/jun2001.htm Writing Multithreaded Java Applications Introduces the Java Thread API, outlines issues involved in multithreading, and offers solutions to common problems. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/j-thread.html Achieve Strong Performance With Threads, Part 3 Explains how priority relates to thread scheduling and how to use the wait/notify mechanism to coordinate the activities of multiple threads. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-07-2002/jw-0703-java101_p.html Programming Java Threads in the Real world, Part 4 A condition variable adds to wait the ability to not wait when the condition you're waiting for has already taken place; and a counting semaphore lets you control a pool of resources without sucking up machine cycles in polling loops. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-12-1998/jw-12-toolbox_p.html mdthread Message Driven Thread API for Java, which enables deadlock safe, multithreaded, concurrent, high level communication between threads. http://mdthread.org/main/ Programming Java Threads in the Real World, Part 8 Discusses architectural solutions to threading problems. Takes a look at threads from the perspective of an object-oriented designer, and at how to implement threads in an object-oriented environment, focusing on the implementation of asynchronous methods http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-05-1999/jw-05-toolbox_p.html Safe construction techniques Concurrent programming in Java applications is more complicated than it looks: there are several subtle (and not so subtle) ways to create data races and other concurrency hazards in Java programs. In this installment of Java theory and practice, Brian Go http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/j-jtp0618.html Threading Lightly: Reducing Contention Explains why contended synchronization is a problem and then explores several techniques for reducing contention, and hence improving scalability. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-threads2.html Multi-Threading -- The Next Level By Edward Harned. This article takes the multi-threading structures available today to the next level by making professional quality, Open Source code available to all programmers. http://java.ittoolbox.com/browse.asp?c=JAVAPeerPublishing&r=%2Fpub%2FEH111402%2Farticle%2Ehtml A Proposal for Fixing the Java Programming Language's Threading Problems Java's threading model is entirely inadequate for programs of realistic complexity and isn't in the least bit object oriented. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/j-king.html Singletons with Needles and Thread Presents two approaches to creating thread-safe singletons. http://www.javaworld.com/javaqa/2002-01/02-qa-0125-singleton4_p.html

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